[172] Historically, the Liberal Party position themselves at the centre of the Canadian political spectrum,[173][174] with the Conservative Party positioned on the right and the New Democratic Party occupying the left. [205] The governor general appoints its nine members on the advice of the prime minister and minister of justice. Here's how to protect yourself. [51], The English established additional settlements in Newfoundland in 1610 along with settlements in the Thirteen Colonies to the south. Canada, the second largest country in the world in area (after Russia), occupying roughly the northern two-fifths of the continent of North America. [210], Canadian Aboriginal law provides certain constitutionally recognized rights to land and traditional practices for Indigenous groups in Canada. Of all Canadas top sights, Banff National Park justifiably ranks as many peoples number one. A house was sold without the owners' consent. [10], From the 16th to the early 18th century, "Canada" referred to the part of New France that lay along the Saint Lawrence River. [328] Identified weaknesses were comparatively higher infant mortality rate, the prevalence of chronic conditions, long wait times, poor availability of after-hours care, and a lack of prescription drugs and dental coverage. [191] The Prime Minister's Office (PMO) is thus one of the most powerful institutions in government, initiating most legislation for parliamentary approval and selecting for appointment by the Crown, besides the aforementioned, the governor general, lieutenant governors, senators, federal court judges, and heads of Crown corporations and government agencies. Canada is the largest foreign supplier of energy to the US, including oil, natural gas, and electric power, and a top source of US uranium imports. [299] Canada has one of the highest per-capita immigration rates in the world,[300] driven mainly by economic policy and also family reunification. A booster dose can help strengthen our protection against severe forms of COVID-19 Report a problem or mistake on this page. Canada is bordered by non-contiguous US state of Alaska in the northwest and by 12 other US states in the south. Its land reaches from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. These included the explosion of Air India Flight 182 in 1985, the largest mass murder in Canadian history;[112] the cole Polytechnique massacre in 1989, a university shooting targeting female students;[113] and the Oka Crisis of 1990,[114] the first of a number of violent confrontations between the government and Indigenous groups. Stanley Park. Canada is also bounded by the Arctic Ocean to the north, by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Ottawa is its capital and Toronto is its largest city. [313] Universal access to publicly funded health services "is often considered by Canadians as a fundamental value that ensures national health care insurance for everyone wherever they live in the country. [474] Canadian teams in these leagues include seven franchises in the National Hockey League, as well as three Major League Soccer teams and one team in each of Major League Baseball and the National Basketball Association. With an area of 9,984,670 square km, it is the worlds second-largest country by total area, falling behind Russia, and just beating out China and the United States. [231] Since then, Canada has been an advocate for multilateralism, making efforts to resolve global issues in collaboration with other nations. Ottawa is its capital and Toronto is its largest city. Given its abundant natural resources, highly skilled labor force, and modern capital stock, Canada enjoyed solid economic growth from 1993 through 2007. [223] Canada joined the Organization of American States (OAS) in 1990 and hosted the OAS General Assembly in 2000 and the 3rd Summit of the Americas in 2001. Last updated on October 19th, 2022. Many moved to Canada, particularly Atlantic Canada, where their arrival changed the demographic distribution of the existing territories. [342] As of 2014[update], 89 percent of adults aged 25 to 64 have earned the equivalent of a high-school degree, compared to an OECD average of 75 percent. Zellers canada locations 2023. [136] In non-coastal regions, snow can cover the ground for almost six months of the year, while in parts of the north snow can persist year-round. It is dominated by old-growth forest with over 2,400 lakes and 1,200 kilometres of streams and rivers. From east to west it stretches almost 4,700 miles (7,560 kilometers) across six time zones. [85] Despite another Conscription Crisis in Quebec in 1944, Canada finished the war with a large army and strong economy. [66] The Durham Report subsequently recommended responsible government and the assimilation of French Canadians into English culture. The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court and final arbiter and has been led since December 18, 2017, by Richard Wagner, the chief justice of Canada. [371] Several Indigenous languages have official status in the Northwest Territories. Moving between provinces. Canada is a country in North America. Contracts with government. WebCanada. [12], Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the legal name for the new country at the London Conference, and the word Dominion was conferred as the country's title. Canada is the largest foreign supplier of energy to the US, including oil, natural gas, and electric power, and a top source of US uranium imports. [366] Although more than 82 percent of French-speaking Canadians live in Quebec, there are substantial Francophone populations in New Brunswick, Alberta, and Manitoba; Ontario has the largest French-speaking population outside Quebec. As much a piece of history as a natural wonder, Canadas. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. [234], During the Suez Crisis of 1956, future prime minister Lester B. Pearson eased tensions by proposing the inception of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force, for which he was awarded the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize. Canada, the second largest country in the world in area (after Russia), occupying roughly the northern two-fifths of the continent of North America. [213] These treaties are agreements between the Canadian Crown-in-Council with the duty to consult and accommodate. English and French are its official languages. [149], Approximately 12.1 percent of the nation's landmass and freshwater are conservation areas, including 11.4 percent designated as protected areas. The text was originally only in French before it was adapted into English in 1906. "Brokerage politics: A Canadian term for successful, All citizens of Canada are classified as "Canadians" as defined by. Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays). Moving between provinces. This spring, Hudson's Bay Company is set to open Zellers stores inside 25 The Bay locations across Canada. [186][187], While the monarchy is the source of authority in Canada, in practice its position is symbolic. [332] Education is within provincial jurisdiction and the curriculum is overseen by the province. WebCanada is a country in North America.Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second-largest country by total area.Its southern and western border with the United States, stretching [254] It is one of the least corrupt countries in the world[255] and is one of the world's largest trading nations, with a highly globalized economy. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, education, gender equality and environmental sustainability. WebFind out what document you need to travel, visit family and friends, do business, or transit through Canada, and how to extend your stay. [235] As this was the first UN peacekeeping mission, Pearson is often credited as the inventor of the concept. [189] Canada's three territories also have legislatures, but these are not sovereign and have fewer constitutional responsibilities than the provinces. 4,524,782. Ontario. [422][423] Canadian coins feature many of these symbols: the loon on the $1 coin, the Arms of Canada on the 50 piece, and the beaver on the nickel. [445] Canadian tax laws limit foreign competition in magazine advertising. [222] Canada acceded to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in 1976. [180], Canada has a parliamentary system within the context of a constitutional monarchythe monarchy of Canada being the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. [68] The Anglo-Russian Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1825) established the border along the Pacific coast, but, even after the US Alaska Purchase of 1867, disputes continued about the exact demarcation of the AlaskaYukon and AlaskaBC border. [319] A 2016 report by the chief public health officer found that 88percent of Canadians, one of the highest proportions of the population among G7 countries, indicated that they "had good or very good health". [268] The Canada United States Free Trade Agreement (FTA) of 1988 eliminated tariffs between the two countries, while the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) expanded the free-trade zone to include Mexico in 1994 (later replaced by the CanadaUnited StatesMexico Agreement). [349], The country's ten largest self-reported specific ethnic or cultural origins in 2021 were Canadian[c] (accounting for 15.6percent of the population), followed by English (14.7percent), Irish (12.1percent), Scottish (12.1percent), French (11.0percent), German (8.1percent), Chinese (4.7percent), Italian (4.3percent), Indian (3.7percent), and Ukrainian (3.5percent). This paved the way for British colonies on Vancouver Island (1849) and in British Columbia (1858). The federal Cabinet also appoints justices to superior courts in the provincial and territorial jurisdictions. [32][33], Although not without conflict, European Canadians' early interactions with First Nations and Inuit populations were relatively peaceful. The Province of Canada (or the United Province of Canada or the United Canadas) was a British colony in British North America from 1841 to 1867. [459] The Canadian music industry is the sixth-largest in the world, producing internationally renowned composers, musicians and ensembles. [80] The Indigenous peoples saw widespread famine and disease due to the loss of the bison and their traditional hunting lands. [177][178][179] Five parties had representatives elected to the Parliament in the 2021 electionthe Liberal Party, who currently form a minority government; the Conservative Party, who are the Official Opposition; the New Democratic Party; the Bloc Qubcois; and the Green Party of Canada. [206], Common law prevails everywhere except in Quebec, where civil law predominates. [139] The rate of warming has been higher across the North and in the Prairies. [250], Canada has a highly developed mixed-market economy,[252][253] with the world's eighth-largest economy as of 2022[update], and a nominal GDP of approximately US$2.221trillion. Experience the beautiful campus and enriching community that makes Caada College the school for you! [161] An emphasis on social justice has been a distinguishing element of Canada's political culture. [320] Eightypercent of Canadian adults self-report having at least one major risk factor for chronic disease: smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy eating or excessive alcohol use. One of North Americas largest urban green spaces, Stanley Park is revered for its dramatic forest-and-mountain oceanfront views. Here's how to protect yourself. 49,871. [10] Cartier later used the word Canada to refer not only to that particular village but to the entire area subject to Donnacona (the chief at Stadacona);[10] by 1545, European books and maps had begun referring to this small region along the Saint Lawrence River as Canada. The border of Canada with the US is the longest bi-national land border in the world. [208] Law enforcement, including criminal courts, is officially a provincial responsibility, conducted by provincial and municipal police forces. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy in the Westminster tradition. TORONTO - Canadas mens basketball team will play exhibition games against Spain and Argentina this summer in preparation for the 2023 FIBA World Cup. It is the worlds second-largest country by total area, although as a whole the country is sparsely populated. [248] The powers flowing from the Constitution Act, 1867 are divided between the federal government and the provincial governments to exercise exclusively. Last updated on October 19th, 2022. [303] New immigrants settle mostly in major urban areas in the country, such as Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Provincial and territorial case numbers. [56] To avert conflict in Quebec, the British Parliament passed the Quebec Act 1774, expanding Quebec's territory to the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley. [27], The desire for responsible government resulted in the abortive Rebellions of 1837. [116] Canada sent troops to Afghanistan in 2001 but declined to join the United Statesled invasion of Iraq in 2003. [441] The largest of these corporations is the country's national public broadcaster, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, which also plays a significant role in producing domestic cultural content, operating its own radio and TV networks in both English and French. More details on the reporting schedule. Provincial and territorial case numbers. To register, contact media@hrsdc-rhdcc.gc.ca with your name and media outlet before 10:00 a.m. EST on Thursday, January 19, 2023.Please indicate if attendance will be in-person or virtual. Stanley Park. [87] The Military Service Act brought in compulsory military service, though it, coupled with disputes over French language schools outside Quebec, deeply alienated Francophone Canadians and temporarily split the Liberal Party. [85] Out of approximately 625,000 Canadians who served in World War I, some 60,000 were killed and another 172,000 were wounded. Virtual Tour Schedule a Tour. [193][194] The Constitution Act, 1982 requires that no more than five years pass between elections, although the Canada Elections Act limits this to four years with a fixed election date in October. [140], Canada is divided into fifteen terrestrial and five marine ecozones. WebVisit our Campus. [373], Additionally, Canada is home to many sign languages, some of which are Indigenous. Provincial legislatures are unicameral and operate in parliamentary fashion similar to the House of Commons. [481] Most recently, Canada hosted the 2015 Pan American Games and 2015 Parapan American Games in Toronto, the former being one of the largest sporting events hosted by the country. A highly developed country, Canada has the 24th highest nominal per capita income globally and the fifteenth-highest ranking on the Human Development Index. Equalization payments are made by the federal government to ensure reasonably uniform standards of services and taxation are kept between the richer and poorer provinces. [175][176] Far-right and far-left politics have never been a prominent force in Canadian society. [217][218] Canada's peacekeeping role during the 20th century has played a major role in its global image. English and French have equal status in federal courts, Parliament, and in all federal institutions. January 16, 2023, 3:32 p.m. EST. [237], In 2001, Canada deployed troops to Afghanistan as part of the U.S. stabilization force and the UN-authorized, NATO-led International Security Assistance Force. Experience the beautiful campus and enriching community that makes Caada College the school for you! [413] Canadian humour is an integral part of the Canadian identity and is reflected in its folklore, literature, music, art, and media. [130], Canada can be divided into seven physiographic regions: the Canadian Shield, the interior plains, the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands, the Appalachian region, the Western Cordillera, Hudson Bay Lowlands and the Arctic Archipelago. [264][271] Atlantic Canada possesses vast offshore deposits of natural gas, and Alberta also hosts large oil and gas resources. [335] Canada has a large number of universities, almost all of which are publicly funded. Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays). Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec allow for both English and French to be spoken in the provincial legislatures, and laws are enacted in both languages. Includes workplace eligibility, steps to apply, processing times, and what you need to do before you work in Canada. Perceived health", "Health at a Glance: OECD Indicators by country", "Almost a million B.C residents have no family doctor", "Nearly 60% of British Columbians find it difficult to access a doctor or have no access at all: poll", "Emergency room, primary care closures continue over long weekend in rural B.C. [211] Various treaties and case laws were established to mediate relations between Europeans and many Indigenous peoples. [29] As a consequence of European colonization, the Indigenous population declined by forty to eighty percent, and several First Nations, such as the Beothuk, disappeared. [304] Canada also accepts large numbers of refugees, accounting for over 10 percent of annual global refugee resettlements; it resettled more than 28,000 in 2018. WebLearn about Canadas response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The delay underscored Canada's independence. [333][334] Education in Canada is generally divided into primary education, followed by secondary education and post-secondary. .ca. Christians, representing 53.3percent of the population in 2021, are followed by people reporting irreligion or having no religion at 34.6percent. Coastal British Columbia has a temperate climate, with a mild and rainy winter. [393][394], Canada's culture draws influences from its broad range of constituent nationalities, and policies that promote a "just society" are constitutionally protected. [256] Canada's economy ranks above the U.S. and most western European nations on The Heritage Foundation's Index of Economic Freedom[257] and experiences a relatively low level of income disparity. [124] Stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the east, along the Arctic Ocean to the north, and to the Pacific Ocean in the west, the country encompasses 9,984,670km2 (3,855,100sqmi) of territory. In addition, Canada is the single largest foreign supplier of energy to the United States. The nation employs a professional, volunteer force of approximately 68,000 active personnel and 27,000 reserve personnel, increasing to 71,500 and 30,000 respectively under "Strong, Secure, Engaged" with a sub-component of approximately 5,000 Canadian Rangers. WebFind out what document you need to travel, visit family and friends, do business, or transit through Canada, and how to extend your stay. [14] The government of Louis St. Laurent ended the practice of using Dominion in the statutes of Canada in 1951. [85] Canada provided asylum for the Dutch monarchy while that country was occupied and is credited by the Netherlands for major contributions to its liberation from Nazi Germany. [232][233] During the Cold War, Canada was a major contributor to UN forces in the Korean War and founded the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) in cooperation with the United States to defend against potential aerial attacks from the Soviet Union. ", "Some Visual Aspects of the Monarchical Tradition", "Commission of Inquiry into the Investigation of the Bombing of Air India Flight 182", "Canada's Policy to Confront the Islamic State", "Catholic group to release all records from Marievel, Kamloops residential schools", "Canada and Denmark reach settlement over disputed Arctic island, sources say", "Changes in Temperature and Precipitation Across Canada; Chapter 4", "Introduction to the Ecological Land Classification (ELC) 2017", "Wild Species 2015: The General Status of Species in Canada", "Wild Species 2000: The General Status of Species in Canada", "State of Canada's Biodiversity Highlighted in New Government Report", "The Mountain Guide Banff National Park", "Algonquin Provincial Park Management Plan", "Spotlight on Marine Protected Areas in Canada", "Scott Islands Marine National Widllife Area", "Proposed Scott Islands Marine National Wildlife Area: regulatory strategy", Left/Right Ideology and Canadian Politics, "The baffling history of Canada's party system", "Canada's Secret to Resisting the West's Populist Wave", "What's actually standing in the way of right-wing populism in Canada? [204], Canada's judiciary plays an important role in interpreting laws and has the power to strike down Acts of Parliament that violate the constitution. [92], Canada's strong attachment to the British Empire and Commonwealth led to major participation in British military efforts in the Second Boer War (18991902), World War I (19141918) and World War II (19391945). Quebec. [61] To accommodate the influx of English-speaking Loyalists in Central Canada, the Constitutional Act of 1791 divided the province of Canada into French-speaking Lower Canada (later Quebec) and English-speaking Upper Canada (later Ontario), granting each its own elected legislative assembly. This fact, coupled with the grandeur of the landscape, has been central to the sense of Canadian national identity, as expressed by the More details on the reporting schedule. It is the second largest country in the world, but it has only one-half of one percent of the world's population. [13] By the 1950s, the term Dominion of Canada was no longer used by the United Kingdom, which considered Canada a "Realm of the Commonwealth". [279] Canada has one of the highest levels of Internet access in the world, with over 33million users, equivalent to around 94 percent of its total 2014 population. [377] Freedom of religion in Canada is a constitutionally protected right, allowing individuals to assemble and worship without limitation or interference. With an area of 9,984,670 square km, it is the worlds second-largest country by total area, falling behind Russia, and just beating out China and the United States. [120] In 2021, the remains of hundreds of Indigenous people were discovered near the former sites of Canadian Indian residential schools. [359] In 1961, about 300,000 people, less than two percent of Canada's population, were members of visible minority groups. [15][16][17], The Canada Act 1982, which brought the constitution of Canada fully under Canadian control, referred only to Canada. WebCanada - CBC News. Although the Constitution of Canada refers to God and the monarch carries the title of "Defender of the Faith", Canada has no official church, and the government is officially committed to religious pluralism. In Ontario, French has some legal status, but is not fully co-official. This fact, coupled with the grandeur of the landscape, has been central to the sense of Canadian [310][311] It is guided by the provisions of the Canada Health Act of 1984[312] and is universal. [76][77] This period of westward expansion and nation building resulted in the displacement of many Indigenous peoples of the Canadian Prairies to "Indian reserves",[78] clearing the way for ethnic European block settlements. [197], The Bank of Canada is the central bank of the country. [469] Canada's official national sports are ice hockey and lacrosse. 49,871. [60] The American war of independence also caused a large out-migration of Loyalists, the settlers who had fought against American independence. [249] As the division of powers between the federal government and the provinces is defined in the constitution, any changes require a constitutional amendment. WebImmigrate to work and live in Canada . [209] In most rural and some urban areas, policing responsibilities are contracted to the federal Royal Canadian Mounted Police. [212] Most notably, a series of eleven treaties known as the Numbered Treaties were signed between the Indigenous peoples and the reigning monarch of Canada between 1871 and 1921. [156] Canada's 18 UNESCO Biosphere Reserves cover a total area of 235,000 square kilometres (91,000sqmi). From east to west it stretches almost 4,700 miles (7,560 kilometers) across six time zones. [142] Although Canada has a low percentage of endemic species compared to other countries,[143] due to human activities, invasive species and environmental issues in the country, there are currently more than 800 species at risk of being lost. WebCanada is a vast and rugged land. Learn about Canadas response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Though referred to as having seven members, five artistsLawren Harris, A. Y. Jackson, Arthur Lismer, J. E. H. MacDonald, and Frederick Varleywere responsible for articulating the group's ideas. [121] Administered by the Canadian Catholic Church and funded by the Canadian government from 1828 to 1997, these boarding schools attempted to assimilate Indigenous children into Euro-Canadian culture. [52][53] A series of four wars erupted in colonial North America between 1689 and 1763; the later wars of the period constituted the North American theatre of the Seven Years' War. [221], Canada was a founding member of the United Nations and has membership in the World Trade Organization, the G20 and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). as, for instance, in the following example of a show funded by the Government of Canada at the Peel Art Gallery Museum + Archives, Brampton: officially bilingual (English and French), long and complex relationship with the United States, 24th highest nominal per capita income globally, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Linguistic areas of North American Indigenous peoples, Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, the growth and change of Canada's provinces and territories, Indigenous peoples of the Canadian Prairies, hundreds of Indigenous people were discovered, world's largest land border with the United States, Terrestrial ecozones and ecoprovinces of Canada, fifteen terrestrial and five marine ecozones, endemic species compared to other countries, Lake Superior National Marine Conservation Area, Scott Islands Marine National Wildlife Area, minister of innovation, science and industry, constitutionally recognized rights to land, United Nations Conference on International Organization, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Canada United States Free Trade Agreement, has one of the highest levels of Internet access in the world, Health expenditure and financing by country, Canadian Institute for Health Information, Programme for International Student Assessment, Canada's federal government practices official bilingualism, The official state policy of multiculturalism, Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences, "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population", Public Works and Government Services Canada Translation Bureau, "An Act to Re-write the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, and for the Government of Canada", "November 8, 1951 (21st Parliament, 5th Session)", "Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Calls to Action", "L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site", "The Irish Emigration of 1847 and Its Canadian Consequences", "The Pacific Coast Borderland and Frontier", "Railway History in Canada | The Canadian Encyclopedia", "The Canadian West: An Archival Odyssey through the Records of the Department of the Interior", "Settling the West: Immigration to the Prairies from 1867 to 1914", "Social Policies in Canada: A Model for Development", "Proclamation of the Constitution Act, 1982", "Canada is celebrating 150 years of what, exactly? [54] Mainland Nova Scotia came under British rule with the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, and Canada and most of New France came under British rule in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. A fuel pump is seen in a car at a gas station in Toronto April 22, 2014. [181][182][183][184] The reigning monarch is KingCharles III, who is also monarch of 14 other Commonwealth countries and each of Canada's 10 provinces. [131] Boreal forests prevail throughout the country, ice is prominent in northern Arctic regions and through the Rocky Mountains, and the relatively flat Canadian Prairies in the southwest facilitate productive agriculture. COVID-19 vaccines have helped protect us. In addition, Canada is the single largest foreign supplier of energy to the United States. [212] These rights may include provision of services, such as health care through the Indian Health Transfer Policy, and exemption from taxation. [427] This progressed into three major themes that can be found within historical Canadian literature: nature, frontier life, and Canada's position within the world, all three of which tie into the garrison mentality. Total cases. [456], Canadian music reflects a variety of regional scenes. [228] For example, it maintains full relations with Cuba and declined to participate in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. [105], At the same time, Quebec underwent profound social and economic changes through the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s, giving birth to a secular nationalist movement. A booster dose can help strengthen our protection against severe forms of COVID-19 Report a problem or mistake on this page. [391][392] Canada has the second-largest national Sikh population, behind India. ", "The Governor General of Canada: Roles and Responsibilities", "House of Commons Procedure and Practice: Parliamentary Institutions", "The Opposition in a Parliamentary System", "Government and Canada's 41st Parliament: Questions and Answers", "Difference between Canadian Provinces and Territories", "Differences from Provincial Governments", "Keeping Canada and Our Communities Safe and Secure", Aboriginal roundtable on Kelowna Accord: Aboriginal policy negotiations 20042006, "Plans at a glance and operating context", "Millennium Development Goals: A sprint to 2015 and the way forward", "Torture by Army Peacekeepers in Somalia Shocks Canada", "Russia claims North Pole with Arctic flag stunt", "Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2021", Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, "More soldiers, ships and planes for military in Liberal defence plan", "Evolution of the world's 25 top trading nations Share of global exports of goods (%), 19782020", United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, "Who owns whom? Canada's land area is 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles). [372] Inuktitut is the majority language in Nunavut, and is one of three official languages in the territory. The country's head of government is the prime minister, who holds office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the elected House of Commons, and is appointed by the governor general, representing the monarch of Canada, the head of state. [309], Healthcare in Canada is delivered through the provincial and territorial systems of publicly funded health care, informally called Medicare. [356] One out of every four Canadians or 26.5percent of the population belonged to a non-White and non-Indigenous visible minority,[357][d] the largest of which in 2021 were South Asian (2.6 million people; 7.1percent), Chinese (1.7 million; 4.7percent) and Black (1.5 million; 4.3percent). [269] Canada has a strong cooperative banking sector, with the world's highest per-capita membership in credit unions. [242] Canada's total military expenditure is expected to reach $32.7billion by 2027. [21][22] The Paleo-Indian archeological sites at Old Crow Flats and Bluefish Caves are two of the oldest sites of human habitation in Canada. After a tumultuous first two seasons on the job, Matt Canada will return as the Pittsburgh Steelers' offensive coordinator in 2023, according to the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. In addition, Canada is the single largest foreign supplier of energy to the United States. [24][25] Some of these cultures had collapsed by the time European explorers arrived in the late 15th and early 16th centuries and have only been discovered through archeological investigations. [443], Non-news media content in Canada, including film and television, is influenced both by local creators as well as by imports from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and France. WebInternet TLD. Learn about labour mobility between provinces and territories. [454] The Group of Seven were painters with a nationalistic and idealistic focus, who first exhibited their distinctive works in May 1920. [349][350] Statistics Canada reports that 35.5percent of the population reported multiple ethnic origins, thus the overall total is greater than 100percent. [9] In 1535, Indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona. Citizens have the right, where there is sufficient demand, to receive federal government services in either English or French and official-language minorities are guaranteed their own schools in all provinces and territories. The border of Canada with the US is the longest bi-national land border in the world. Sell your goods or services to the government It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration. Last updated on October 19th, 2022. COVID-19 vaccines have helped protect us. [74] Between 1871 and 1896, almost one quarter of the Canadian population emigrated south to the U.S.[75], To open the West and encourage European immigration, Parliament approved sponsoring the construction of three transcontinental railways (including the Canadian Pacific Railway), opening the prairies to settlement with the Dominion Lands Act, and establishing the North-West Mounted Police to assert its authority over this territory. [471] Great achievements in Canadian sports are recognized by Canada's Sports Hall of Fame,[472] while the Lou Marsh Trophy is awarded annually to Canada's top athlete by a panel of journalists. Contracts with government. [119] The COVID-19 pandemic in Canada began on January 27, 2020, with wide social and economic disruption. [292] Canada was the third country to design and construct a satellite after the Soviet Union and the United States, with the 1962 Alouette 1 launch. On the east and west coasts, average high temperatures are generally in the low 20s C (70s F), while between the coasts, the average summer high temperature ranges from 25 to 30C (77 to 86F), with temperatures in some interior locations occasionally exceeding 40C (104F). "[314] Around 30percent of Canadians' healthcare is paid for through the private sector. Deaths. [94] After two referendums, Newfoundlanders voted to join Canada in 1949 as a province. Find out what document you need to travel, visit family and friends, do business, or transit through Canada, and how to extend your stay. [457] Canada has developed a vast music infrastructure that includes church halls, chamber halls, conservatories, academies, performing arts centres, record companies, radio stations and television music video channels. All judges at the superior and appellate levels are appointed after consultation with non-governmental legal bodies. [30] The decline is attributed to several causes, including the transfer of European diseases, such as influenza, measles, and smallpox to which they had no natural immunity,[27][31] conflicts over the fur trade, conflicts with the colonial authorities and settlers, and the loss of Indigenous lands to settlers and the subsequent collapse of several nations' self-sufficiency. [240][b] In 2021, Canada's military expenditure totalled approximately $26.4billion, or around 1.3percent of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). [195], Canadian federalism divides government responsibilities between the federal government and the ten provinces. [192], Each of the 338 members of Parliament in the House of Commons is elected by simple plurality in an electoral district or riding. thng tin) cn gi l Gia N i) l quc gia c din tch ln th hai trn th gii, v nm cc bc ca Bc M. [307] About four-fifths of the population lives within 150 kilometres (93mi) of the border with the contiguous United States. Learn about labour mobility between provinces and territories. These two colonies were collectively named the Canadas until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. [309] Fifty-onepercent of households are couples with or without children, 8.7percent are single-parent households, 2.9percent are multigenerational households, and 29.3percent are single-person households. [430] By the 1990s, Canadian literature was viewed as some of the world's best. [67] The signing of the Oregon Treaty by Britain and the United States in 1846 ended the Oregon boundary dispute, extending the border westward along the 49th parallel. One of North Americas largest urban green spaces, Stanley Park is revered for its dramatic forest-and-mountain oceanfront views. It is the worlds second-largest country by total area, although as a whole the country is sparsely populated. Canada is a country in North America. [201] The Constitution Act, 1867 (known as the British North America Act, 1867 prior to 1982), affirmed governance based on parliamentary precedent and divided powers between the federal and provincial governments. [278] It is furthermore home to the headquarters of a number of global technology firms. Due to changes in testing policies across Canada, case counts shown may be lower than actual numbers. [267] In the 1980s, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney's Progressive Conservatives abolished the NEP and changed the name of FIRA to Investment Canada to encourage foreign investment. [449] The nature of Canadian art reflects these diverse origins, as artists have taken their traditions and adapted these influences to reflect the reality of their lives in Canada. [293] Canada is a participant in the International Space Station (ISS), and is a pioneer in space robotics, having constructed the Canadarm, Canadarm2 and Dextre robotic manipulators for the ISS and NASA's Space Shuttle. Canada. Canada is bordered by non-contiguous US state of Alaska in the northwest and by 12 other US states in the south. [264], Canada's economic integration with the United States has increased significantly since World War II. [43] In 1534, French explorer Jacques Cartier explored the Gulf of Saint Lawrence where, on July 24, he planted a 10-metre (33ft) cross bearing the words "Long Live the King of France" and took possession of the territory New France in the name of King Francis I. thng tin) cn gi l Gia N i) l quc gia c din tch ln th hai trn th gii, v nm cc bc ca Bc M. Indigenous peoples are not considered a visible minority in Statistics Canada calculations. This fact, coupled with the grandeur of the landscape, has been central to the sense of Canadian [108], In addition to the issues of Quebec sovereignty, a number of crises shook Canadian society in the late 1980s and early 1990s. [18], After the successful American War of Independence, the 1783 Treaty of Paris recognized the independence of the newly formed United States and set the terms of peace, ceding British North American territories south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River to the new country. COVID-19 booster dose. Using its spending powers, the federal government can initiate national policies in provincial areas such as health and child care; the provinces can opt out of these cost-share programs but rarely do so in practice. As a consequence of various armed conflicts, France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763. WebBanff National Park. [23] The characteristics of Indigenous societies included permanent settlements, agriculture, complex societal hierarchies, and trading networks. WebCanada - CBC News. [419] The Arms of Canada are closely modelled after the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom with French and distinctive Canadian elements replacing or added to those derived from the British version. Canada, the second largest country in the world in area (after Russia), occupying roughly the northern two-fifths of the continent of North America. Canada is a country in North America. [147] Since the end of the last glacial period, Canada has consisted of eight distinct forest regions,[148] with 42 percent of its land area covered by forests (approximately 8 percent of the world's forested land). [26], The Indigenous population at the time of the first European settlements is estimated to have been between 200,000[27] and two million,[28] with a figure of 500,000 accepted by Canada's Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. Visible minorities are defined by Statistics Canada as "persons, other than aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour". Experience the beautiful campus and enriching community that makes Caada College the school for you! [185] The monarch appoints a representative, the governor general, with the advice of the prime minister to carry out most of their federal royal duties in Canada. English and French are its Virtual Tour Schedule a Tour. The United States and Canada traded goods and services of $680 billion in 2017 more than $1.8 billion per day. After a tumultuous first two seasons on the job, Matt Canada will return as the Pittsburgh Steelers' offensive coordinator in 2023, according to the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. [276] As of 2020[update], the country has produced fifteen Nobel laureates in physics, chemistry, and medicine,[277] and was ranked fourth worldwide for scientific research quality in a major 2012 survey of international scientists. Canada is a country in North America.Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second-largest country by total area.Its southern and western border with the United States, stretching 8,891 [425] An image of the previous monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, appears on $20 bank notes, and on the obverse of all current Canadian coins. .ca. [164][165], At the federal level, Canada has been dominated by two relatively centrist parties practising "brokerage politics",[a] the centre-left leaning Liberal Party of Canada and the centre-right leaning Conservative Party of Canada (or its predecessors). The maple leaf is depicted on Canada's current and previous flags, and on the Arms of Canada. [389][390] Rates of religious adherence are steadily decreasing. ", "The Crown and the Constitution: Sustaining Democracy? [199] The bank does not issue Canadian coins; they are issued by the Royal Canadian Mint. [55], The Royal Proclamation of 1763 established First Nation treaty rights, created the Province of Quebec out of New France, and annexed Cape Breton Island to Nova Scotia. [361] In 2021, India, China, and the Philippines were the top three countries of origin for immigrants moving to Canada. [339], According to a 2019 report by the OECD, Canada is one of the most educated countries in the world;[340] the country ranks first worldwide in the percentage of adults having tertiary education, with over 56 percent of Canadian adults having attained at least an undergraduate college or university degree. [200], The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law of the country and consists of written text and unwritten conventions. [450], The Canadian government has played a role in the development of Canadian culture through the department of Canadian Heritage, by giving grants to art galleries,[451] as well as establishing and funding art schools and colleges across the country, and through the Canada Council for the Arts (established in 1957), the national public arts funder, helping artists, art galleries and periodicals, and thus contributing to the development of Canada's cultural works. [196] The territorial legislatures also differ structurally from their provincial counterparts. [290] Canada has a long history of discovery in genetics, which include stem cells, site-directed mutagenesis, T-cell receptor and the identification of the genes that cause Fanconi anemia, cystic fibrosis and early-onset Alzheimer's disease, among numerous other diseases. [91] Canadian troops played important roles in many key battles of the war, including the failed 1942 Dieppe Raid, the Allied invasion of Italy, the Normandy landings, the Battle of Normandy, and the Battle of the Scheldt in 1944. [87] In 1919, Canada joined the League of Nations independently of Britain,[85] and the Statute of Westminster, 1931 affirmed Canada's independence. Alberta and Saskatchewan became provinces in 1905. Canada is a vast and rugged land. [40][41] In approximately 1000 AD, the Norse built a small short-lived encampment that was occupied sporadically for perhaps 20 years at L'Anse aux Meadows on the northern tip of Newfoundland. [261], Since the early 20th century, the growth of Canada's manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy to an urbanized, industrial one. [414], Themes of nature, pioneers, trappers, and traders played an important part in the early development of Canadian symbolism. [309] Life expectancy is 81.1 years. WebApply to travel, study, work or immigrate to Canada, apply for citizenship, a permanent resident card or refugee protection, check the status of your application or find a form. [465] The official national anthem, "O Canada", was originally commissioned by the lieutenant governor of Quebec, Thodore Robitaille, for the 1880 St. Jean-Baptiste Day ceremony and was officially adopted in 1980. Canada is a country in the northern part of North America. [280] Canada was ranked 15th in the Global Innovation Index in 2022. To register, contact media@hrsdc-rhdcc.gc.ca with your name and media outlet before 10:00 a.m. EST on Thursday, January 19, 2023.Please indicate if attendance will be in-person or virtual. [426] The earliest Canadian narratives were of travel and exploration. [100][101][102] Canada had established complete sovereignty as an independent country, although the monarch is retained as sovereign. [229], Canada maintains historic ties to the United Kingdom and France and to other former British and French colonies through Canada's membership in the Commonwealth of Nations and the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie. After a tumultuous first two seasons on the job, Matt Canada will return as the Pittsburgh Steelers' offensive coordinator in 2023, according to the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. [462] The Canadian Music Hall of Fame, established in 1976, honours Canadian musicians for their lifetime achievements. Zellers canada locations 2023. [99], Finally, another series of constitutional conferences resulted in the UK's Canada Act 1982, the patriation of Canada's constitution from the United Kingdom, concurrent with the creation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. A. J. Casson became part of the group in 1926. From north to south it spans more than half the Northern Hemisphere. [122], By total area (including its waters), Canada is the second-largest country in the world, after Russia. [418] Canada's official tartan, known as the "maple leaf tartan", has four colours that reflect the colours of the maple leaf as it changes through the seasonsgreen in the spring, gold in the early autumn, red at the first frost, and brown after falling. The 105 members of the Senate, whose seats are apportioned on a regional basis, serve until age 75. [135], Average winter and summer high temperatures across Canada vary from region to region. [243] Canada's military currently has over 3000 personnel deployed overseas in multiple operations, such as Operation Snowgoose in Cyprus, Operation Unifier supporting Ukraine, Operation Caribbe in the Caribbean Sea, and Operation Impact, a coalition for the military intervention against ISIL. [238] In August 2007, Canada's territorial claims in the Arctic were challenged after a Russian underwater expedition to the North Pole; Canada has considered that area to be sovereign territory since 1925. [380] With Christianity in decline after having once been central and integral to Canadian culture and daily life,[381] Canada has become a post-Christian, secular state. [59] The Proclamation and the Quebec Act in turn angered many residents of the Thirteen Colonies, further fuelling anti-British sentiment in the years prior to the American Revolution. The minister of finance and minister of innovation, science and industry use the Statistics Canada agency for financial planning and economic policy development. Contracts with government. [281], Some of the most notable scientific developments in Canada include the creation of the modern alkaline battery,[282] Insulin,[283] and the polio vaccine[284] and discoveries about the interior structure of the atomic nucleus. [296], The 2021 Canadian census enumerated a total population of 36,991,981, an increase of around 5.2 percent over the 2016 figure. [79] This caused the collapse of the Plains Bison in western Canada and the introduction of European cattle farms and wheat fields dominating the land. [294] Since the 1960s, Canada's aerospace industry has designed and built numerous marques of satellite, including Radarsat-1 and 2, ISIS and MOST. [125] Canada has over 2,000,000 lakes563 of which are larger than 100km2 (39sqmi)containing much of the world's fresh water. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the etymological origins of Canada, the name is now accepted as coming from the St. Lawrence Iroquoian word kanata, meaning "village" or "settlement". Virtual Tour Schedule a Tour. [447] Historically, the Catholic Church was the primary patron of art in New France and early Canada, especially Quebec,[448] and in later times, artists have combined British, French, Indigenous and American artistic traditions, at times embracing European styles while working to promote nationalism. [260], In 2021, Canadian trade in goods and services reached $2.016trillion. [407][408][409] Canadians also identify with the country's foreign aid policies, peacekeeping roles, the National park system and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Due to changes in testing policies across Canada, case counts shown may be lower than actual numbers. Canada is the largest foreign supplier of energy to the US, including oil, natural gas, and electric power, and a top source of US uranium imports. [470] Other sports such as volleyball, skiing, cycling, swimming, badminton, tennis, bowling and the study of martial arts are all widely enjoyed at the youth and amateur levels. [404][405], Canada's approach to governance emphasizing multiculturalism, which is based on selective immigration, social integration, and suppression of far-right politics, has wide public support. [69], Following several constitutional conferences, the British North America Act 1867 officially proclaimed Canadian Confederation on July 1, 1867, initially with four provinces: Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. [305][306], Canada's population density, at 4.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (11/sqmi), is among the lowest in the world. [328] An increasing problem in Canada's health system is a lack of healthcare professionals. [422] Material items such as Canadian beer, maple syrup, tuques, canoes, nanaimo bars, butter tarts and the Quebec dish of poutine are defined as uniquely Canadian. COVID-19 booster dose. It is to the north of the United States. [258] The country's average household disposable income per capita is "well above" the OECD average. WebCanada is a country to the north of the United States. In my time at Caada College, I had the amazing opportunity to grow as a leader. Apply to travel, study, work or immigrate to Canada, apply for citizenship, a permanent resident card or refugee protection, check the status of your application or find a form. [92], The Canadian economy boomed during the war as its industries manufactured military materiel for Canada, Britain, China, and the Soviet Union. The same poster in English, with subtle differences in text. [266] In the 1970s, concerns over energy self-sufficiency and foreign ownership in the manufacturing sectors prompted Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau's Liberal government to enact the National Energy Program (NEP) and the Foreign Investment Review Agency (FIRA). [19], Indigenous peoples in present-day Canada include the First Nations, Inuit, and Mtis,[20] the last being of mixed descent who originated in the mid-17th century when First Nations people married European settlers and subsequently developed their own identity. [467], The roots of organized sports in Canada date back to the 1770s,[468] culminating in the development and popularization of the major professional games of ice hockey, lacrosse, curling, basketball, baseball, association football and Canadian football. [360] The 2021 census indicated that 8.3million people, or almost one-quarter (23.0percent) of the population, reported themselves as being or having been a landed immigrant or permanent resident in Canadaabove the 1921 census previous record of 22.3percent. The Programme for International Student Assessment indicates Canadian students perform well above the OECD average, particularly in mathematics, science, and reading,[345][346] ranking the overall knowledge and skills of Canadian 15-year-olds as the sixth-best in the world, although these scores have been declining in recent years. [45] In general, early settlements during the Age of Discovery appear to have been short-lived due to a combination of the harsh climate, problems with navigating trade routes and competing outputs in Scandinavia. Chris Bolin/The Globe and Mail. WebCanada is a vast and rugged land. [343], The mandatory education age ranges between 57 to 1618 years,[344] contributing to an adult literacy rate of 99 percent. [98] Socially democratic programs were also instituted, such as Medicare, the Canada Pension Plan, and Canada Student Loans, though provincial governments, particularly Quebec and Alberta, opposed many of these as incursions into their jurisdictions. 4,524,782. [38] A period of redress is underway, which started with the appointment of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada by the Government of Canada in 2008. WebCOVID-19 in Canada. [188] To ensure the stability of government, the governor general will usually appoint as prime minister the individual who is the current leader of the political party that can obtain the confidence of a plurality in the House of Commons. Consists of written text and unwritten conventions out-migration of Loyalists, the Constitution Canada. 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